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Galanin is a neuropeptide found both in the central and peripheral nervous system. The 29-amino acid peptide (named after its N-terminal glycine and C-terminal alanine) was identified in 1983 by its C-terminal amidation. This 'reverse' approach, that is to discover a substance through a distinct chemical feature, and only subsequently to characterize its biological activity, was novel and has been successful in the identification of several other peptides. After the structure of galanin was determined in 1983, functional studies were performed with material purified from natural sources until the synthetic form of the peptide became available. Galanin can act as transmitter, modulator and trophic factor, and is involved in a number of physiological processes such as hormone secretion, cardiovascular mechanisms, feeding and cognition. This peptide may also be of significance for a number of pathological processes/disorders including pain, depression, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, addiction and cancer. This wide diversity of actions is mediated by three galanin receptor subtypes. The studies reviewed in this volume give a fairly complete overview of the spectrum of the biological actions and functions of galanin and its receptors and on possible therapeutic applications in a number of pathological conditions.

Galanin -- Therapeutic use. --- Neuroendocrinology. --- Peptides. --- Galanin --- Neuropeptides --- Peptides --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Animal Biochemistry --- Neuroscience --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Galanin. --- Neuropeptides. --- Brain peptides --- Life sciences. --- Neurobiology. --- Life Sciences. --- Nerve tissue proteins --- Neurotransmitters --- Neurosciences

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A recent review of one of my grant applications commented on the ‘rediscovery of tropomyosin’. I was tempted to write back in my rebuttal to the reviewer that I didn’t realise it had been lost. Uncharacteristic maturity prevailed and I resisted the temptation, but I was struck by the underlying observation that research on the str- ture and function of tropomyosin has been somewhat invisible, particularly in terms of the cytoskeleton isoforms. So, how can it be that one of the two major components of the actin filament has been so thoroughly overlooked? I suspect that the answer is disappointingly pedestrian. Whereas the biochemistry of the 1980s revealed the potential of tropomyosin isoforms to diversify the function of actin filaments, the subsequent disenchantment with isoform biology in general in the 1990s inhibited growth of this field. With the development of more sophisticated experimental - proaches we are now seeing a growing realisation of the importance of tropomyosin in regulating actin filaments beyond its pivotal role in muscle contraction. The opportunity to edit this book came at a time when we had written several reviews on different aspects of tropomyosin function and I had just finished the background reading for a comprehensive review of tropomyosin biology. I realised that the field was simply beyond the capacity of any one person to do the field j- tice.

Biomedicine. --- Biomedicine general. --- Medicine. --- Médecine --- Tropomyosin. --- Tropomyosins. --- Tropomyosins --- Tropomyosin --- Microfilament Proteins --- Muscle Proteins --- Cytoskeletal Proteins --- Biopolymers --- Contractile Proteins --- Proteins --- Polymers --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Macromolecular Substances --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Animal Biochemistry --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Microfilament proteins --- Muscle proteins --- Health Workforce --- Biomedicine, general.

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Completely revised and expanded, this second edition of The Cytokine FactsBook is the most up-to-date reference manual available for all current well-characterized interleukins, cytokines, and their receptors. An additional 52 cytokines are included, doubling the number of entries from the previous edition. The key properties of each cytokine are described and presented in a very accessible format with diagrams for each of the receptors. The Cytokine FactsBook includes free online access to the regularly updated Cytokine Webfacts. Cytokine Webfacts is a web-based comprehensive compendium of facts about cytokines and their receptors that includes a variety of data representations, such as text, signal pathway diagrams and 3D images. This exciting resource is integrated into other databases via hypertext links to provide a unique network, and contains a web-enabled version of RasMol for viewing structures.

Cytokines. --- Cytokines--Handbooks, manuals, etc. Cytokines--outlines. --- Receptors, Immunologic --- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins --- Proteins --- Receptors, Cell Surface --- Biological Factors --- Peptides --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Membrane Proteins --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Cytokines --- Receptors, Cytokine --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Cellular immunity --- Immune response --- Regulation

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Diabetes Mellitus, a syndrome of disordered metabolism, characterised by abnormal elevation in blood glucose level, has become a life-threatening condition for many people. Current means of therapy for Diabetes Mellitus do not mimic the normal physiological pattern of insulin release. Oral delivery is the preferred route of administration due to its non-invasive nature. Oral delivery of insulin presents an overview of Diabetes Mellitus, and discusses the strategies and techniques adopted for oral delivery of insulin. This title begins with an introductory chapter on symptoms, complications and

Drug Therapy --- Drug Administration Routes --- Proinsulin --- Pancreatic Hormones --- Therapeutics --- Peptide Hormones --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Hormones --- Peptides --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Insulin --- Drug Delivery Systems --- Administration, Oral --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Clinical Endocrinology --- Diabetes --- Therapeutic use --- Administration. --- Oral therapy. --- Oral medication

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Abnormal proteins are known to be associated with various pathologies. Most notably, these include amyloidoses, monoclonal protein deposits associated with plasma cell dyscrasia/multiple myeloma, cryoglobulins and various related organized and non-organized deposits. Amyloid and Related Disorders presents an overview of the most recent developments in this area including clinical presentation, etiology, pathogenesis, and differential diagnosis. The rationale for various therapies, including transplantation, is discussed and tissue diagnosis (its pitfalls and strategies for avoiding them) and laboratory support are included.   The involvement of all major organ systems including renal/genitourinary, cardiac, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, peripheral nerve/central nervous system, soft tissue and bone marrow pathology is covered.  This approach provides a unifying concept of these pathologic processes, which have systemic involvement, and which have, hitherto, not been universally appreciated. Awareness of these diseases among a wider audience of pathologists may increase the rate of their diagnosis as well as that of earlier diagnosis. This volume will be invaluable to specialized and general pathologists as well as cytopathologists; other medical professionals may also benefit from this concise update on the systemic amyloidoses.

Amyloidosis. --- Multiprotein Complexes --- Proteostasis Deficiencies --- Proteins --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Macromolecular Substances --- Metabolic Diseases --- Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Diseases --- Amyloidosis --- Amyloid --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Pathology --- Metabolism --- Disorders. --- Protein metabolism disorders --- Amyloid degeneration --- Medicine. --- Internal medicine. --- Nephrology. --- Pathology. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Internal Medicine. --- Lymphoproliferative disorders --- Disorders --- Medicine, Internal --- Internal medicine --- Kidneys --- Disease (Pathology) --- Medical sciences --- Medicine, Preventive